Bisnis Internasional
·
Bisnis internasional adalah semua transaksi bisnis, baik
pemerintah maupun swasta, yang melibatkan 2 negara atau lebih.
·
Sifat bisnis Intenasional adalah perusahaan pada dasarnya berpusat
di satu Negara akan tetapi memperoleh sebagian besar sumber daya dan pendapatan
(atau keduanya) dari negara lain.
·
Bisnis Internasional dapat mempengaruhi
kehidupan kita sehari-hari dari
seluruh dunia. Akan tetapi tidak ada Negara yang unik dalam hal ini. Misalnya
orang mengendarai Ford di Jerman, menggunakan computer Dell di Cina, makan
hamburger McDonald’s di Indonesia, dan makan coklat mars di Inggris. Mereka
meminum pepsi dan memakai celana jeans Levi strauss di Cina. Orang jepang
membeli film Kodak dan menggunakan kartu kredit American express, orang di
seluruh dunia terbang menggunakan American Airlines dengan pesawat yang dibuat
oleh Boeing. Bangunan mereka di bangun dengan mesin-mesin Caterpillar, pabrik
mereka diberi tenaga oleh mesin-mesin General Electric, dan mereka membeli
minyak Chevron.
Pada kenyataannya kita
telah menjadi bagian dari sebuah lingkungan global dan memiliki sebuah
perekonomian global dimana tidak ada organisasi yang terisolasi dari dampak
pasar dan persaingan luar negri. Bahkan smakin banyak perusahaan membentuk
ulang dirinya sendiri untuk menghadapi persaingan Internasional dan menemukan
cara-cara baru untuk mengeksploitasi pasar-pasar disetiap sudut dunia.
Kegagalan dalam mengambil perspektif global adalah salah satu kesalahan
terbesar yang mungkin dilakukan oleh manajer.
Alasan bisnis
internasional lebih beresiko dari pada bisnis dalam negri
Karena dalam
melaksanakan bisnis Internasional akan lebih banyak memilki resiko ketimbang
bisnis dalam negri. Oleh karena itu maka terdapat beberapa resiko dalam bisnis
Internasional antara lain :
Ø Perbedaan bahasa, sosial budaya/cultural
Perbedaan merupakan
resiko bagi kelancaran bisnis internasional, yang disebabkan karena bahasa
merupakan alat komunikasi yang vital baik bahasa lisan maupun bahasa tulis.
Tanpa komunikasi yang baik maka hubungan bisnis sukar untuk dapat berlangsung
dengan lancar. Perbedaan kondisi sosial budaya merupakan suatu masalah yang
harus dicermati dalam melakukan bisnis Internasional. Misalnya pemberian warna
terhadap suatu produk harus hati-hati karena warna tertentu di suatu Negara
memiliki arti di Negara lain dapat bermakna yang bertentangan.
Ø Hambatan Politik, Hukum, dan
Perundang-undangan
Hubungan politik yang
kurang baik antara satu Negara dengan Negara lain akan mengakibatkan
terbatasnya hubungan bisnis dari kedua Negara tersebut. Ketentuan hokum atau
perundang-undangan yang berlaku disuatu Negara kadang membatasi
berlangsungnya bisnis Internasional.
Ø Hambatan Operasional
Berupa masalah
operasional yakni transportasi atau pengangkutan barang yang diperdagangkan
dari Negara yang satu kenegara lain. Hal ini kan mengakibatkan bahwa biaya
pengangkutan atau ekspedisi laut untuk jalur tersebut akan menjadi mahal.
Mahalnya biaya angkut itu dikarenakan kapal pengangkut hanya melayani satu
Negara yang biasanya, maka kembalinya kapal tersebut dari Negara tujuan akan
menjadi kosong, akan sangat membahayakan bagi keselamatan kapal itu sendiri.
Reverensi
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